During his fourth term as president, his government responded to the COVID-19 pandemic, and he presided over a military buildup on the border of Ukraine. During his third term as president, Russia annexed Crimea and sponsored a war in eastern Ukraine with several military incursions made, resulting in international sanctions and a financial crisis in Russia. As prime minister under Medvedev, he oversaw military reform and police reform, as well as Russia's victory in its war against Georgia. Putin led Russia during the Second Chechen War, restoring federal control of Chechnya. ĭuring Putin's first tenure as president, the Russian economy grew on average by seven percent per year, following economic reforms and a fivefold increase in the price of oil and gas. In April 2021, following a referendum, he signed into law constitutional amendments including one that would allow him to run for reelection twice more, potentially extending his presidency to 2036. As he was then constitutionally limited to two consecutive terms as president, Putin served as prime minister again from 2008 to 2012 under Dmitry Medvedev, and returned to the presidency in 2012 in an election marred by allegations of fraud and protests he was reelected again in 2018. After the resignation of Yeltsin, Putin became acting president, and less than four months later was elected outright to his first term as president. He briefly served as director of the Federal Security Service (FSB) and secretary of the Security Council, before being appointed as prime minister in August 1999.
He moved to Moscow in 1996 to join the administration of president Boris Yeltsin. He worked as a KGB foreign intelligence officer for 16 years, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel, before resigning in 1991 to begin a political career in Saint Petersburg.
Putin is the second-longest currently-serving European president after Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus.
He was also the prime minister from 1999 to 2000, and again from 2008 to 2012. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin ( / ˈ p uː t ɪ n/ Russian: Владимир Владимирович Путин ( listen) born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who is the president of Russia, a position he has filled since 2012, and previously from 2000 until 2008.
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